Neanderthal fossils show a major population drop 110,000 years ago. Researchers link this to reduced genetic diversity.

Researchers used a novel method of radiocarbon dating to figure out the age of the Lapedo child, who had both Neanderthal and human traits.

A recent study compared features of Neanderthals' inner ears across space and time to extrapolate what happened to them tens of thousands of years ago.

The climate and early human societies were changing quickly during the fall of our closest evolutionary relative—and are big clues to the causes of their demise.

The extinction of the Neanderthals is one of the most intriguing mysteries in paleoanthropology, with researchers speculating everything from shifts in the climate to war with modern humans may have escalated their demise.

Drastic climatic changes likely had profound impacts on the genetic and morphological variability of the Neanderthal lineage.